参考文献

[1]Marcove RC, Miller TR. Treatment of primary and metastatic bone tumors by cryosurgery. JAMA，1969;207:1890～1894.
[2]Marcove RC,Zahr KA,Huvos AG,et al.Cryosurgery in osteogenic sarcoma:a report of three cases.Compr Ther， 1984;10:52～60.
[3]Marcove RC, Miller TR, Cahan WC, Treatment of Primary and metastatic bone tumors by repetitive freezing. Bull NY Acad Med， 1968;44:532～544.
[4]Gage A. Experimental cryogenic injury of the palate: observations pertinent to cryosurgical destruction of tumors. Cryobiology， 1978;15: 415～425.
[5]Gage AA. What temperature is lethal for cells J Dermatol Surg Oncol， 1979;5: 459～460.
[6]Gage AA, Augustynowicz S, Montes M. Tissue impedance and temperature measurements in relation to necrosis in experimental cryosurgery. Cryobiology， 1985;22: 282～288.
[7]Gage A. Correlation of electrical impedance and temperature in tissue during freezing. Cryobiology， 1979;16: 56～62.
[8]Schreuder HW. Cryosurgery for bone tumors. in: Korpan NN. ed. Basics of Cryosurgery.WeinNewYork:Springer-Verlag，2001:231～251.
[9]Malawer MM and Dunham W. Cryosurgery and acrylic cementation as surgical adjuncts in the treatment of aggressive (benign) tumors. Analysis of 25 patients below the age of 21.Clin Orthop， 1991;262:42～57.
[10]Aboulafia AJ, Rosenbaum DH, Sicard-Rosenbaum, et al. Treatment of large subchondral tumors of the knee with cryosurgery and composite reconstruction. Clin Orthop， 1994;307: 189～199.
[11]Schreuder HW, Pruszczynski M, Veth RP, et al. Treatment of benign and low-grade malignant intramedullary chondroid tumours with curettage and cryosurgery. Eur J Surg Oncol， 1998;24:120～126.
[12]Malawer MM, Bickels J, Meller I, et al.Cryosurgery in the treatment of giant cell tumor. Clin Orthop， 1999;2:176～188.
[13]Boons HW, Keijser LC, Schreuder HW, et al.Oncologic and functional results after treatment of giant cell tumors of bone. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg， 2002;122: 17～23.
[14]Oda Y, Miura H, Tsuneyoshi M, et al. Giant cell tumor of bone: oncological and functional results of long term follow-up. Jpn J Clin Oncol， 1998;28:323～328.
[15]Trieb K, Bitzan P, Lang S, et al. Recurrence of curetted and bone grafted giant cell tumours with and without adjuvant phenol therapy. Eur J Surg Oncol， 2001;27:200～202.
[16]Dabak N, Tomak Y, Piskin A, et al.Early results of a modified technique of cryosurgery. Int Orthop， 2003;27:249～253.
[17]Veth R,Schreuder B,vonBeem H,et al.Cryosurgery in aggressive,benigh,and low-grade malignant bone tumours. Lancet Oncol， 2005;6:25～34
[18]Schreuder HW, Conrad EU, Brukner JD, et al. Treatment of simple bone cysts in children with curettage and cryosurgery. J Pediatr Orthop，1997;17: 814～820.
[19] Schreuder HW, Keijser LC, Veth RP. Favourable results of cryosurgery in 120 patients with benign or low-grade malignant bone tumors. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd，1999;143:2275～2281.
[20]Marcove RC, Sheth DS, Takemoto S, Healey JH. The treatment of aneurismal bone cyst. Clin Orthop，1995;311: 157～163.
[21]Schreuder HW, van Egmond J, van Beem HB, Veth RP. Monitoring during cryosurgery for bone tumors. J Surg Oncol，1997;65: 40～45.
[22]Malawer MM,Bickels J,Meller I,et al.Cryosurgery in the treatment of giant cell tumor.Clin Orthop Rel Res，1999;(359):176～188.
[23]Schreuder HW, Pruszczynski M, Lemmens JA, Veth RP. Eosinophilic granuloma of bone: results of treatment with curettage, cryosurgery and bone grafting. J Pediatr Orthop Bone，1998; 7: 253～256.
[24]Schreuder HW, Pruszczynski M, Veth RP, Lemmmens JA. Treatment of benign and low-grade malignant intramedullary chondroid tumors with curettage and cryosurgery. Eur J Surg Oncol， 1998; 24: 120～126.
[25]Enneking WF.Fibrous dysplasia(84 cases).in:Enneking WF.ed.Musculoskeletal tumor surgery.New York:Churchill Livingstone，1983:855～867.
[26]Marcove RC,Stovell PB,Huvos Ag, et al.The use of cryosurgery in the treatment of low and medium grade chondrosarcoma.A preliminary report.Clin Orthop，1977;122:147～156.
[27]Marcove RC, Weis LD, Vaghaiwalla MR, et al. Cryosurgery in the treatment of giant cell tumors of bone. A report of 52 consecutive cases. Clin Orthop，1978;134: 275～289.
[28]Dwyer DM, Thorne AC, Healey JH, et al. Liquid nitrogen instillation can cause can cause venous gas embolism. Anesthesiology，1990; 73: 179～181.
[29]Fisher AD, Williams DF, Bradley PF. The effect of cryosurgery on the strength of bone. Br J Oral Surg，1978; 15: 215～222.
[30]Marcove RC, Sheth DS, Brien EW,et al. Conservative surgery for giant cell tumor of the sacrum. Cancer，1994: 74: 1253～1260.